Maximizing the Lifespan of Your CO2 Laser Machine: How Long Do They Typically Last?

For any business that deals with precise tasks routinely, analyzing CO2 laser machines and identifying how to extend their service life plays a critical role. These machines are essential tools used for cutting, engraving, and marking purposes in various industries. However, they are heavily reliant on good maintenance, quality parts, and suitable environmental conditions. This article will discuss the average lifetime that users should expect out of a CO2 laser machine, what star in durability makes sense, and practical life hacks to ensure maximum length to do its job. Irrespective of whether you are an expert or novice in working with laser technology, this guide will ensure that you make the best out of your laser machine.

What is the Expected CO2 Laser Machine Lifespan?

Depending on the type and quality of their components, CO2 laser equipment will have an average lifetime of between 10,000 and 30,000 hours. Midrange and high–end machines with stronger build quality tend to have longer lifespans. Cleaning optical parts and replacing consumables, such as the CO2 laser tube, are examples of regular maintenance that can help improve the machine’s lifespan. Avoiding maximum loads while running the system, as well as preventing overheating, may also help prolong the equipment’s lifespan.

Factors Affecting the Life of the Laser Tube

1. Working Hours: The laser tube’s overall running time greatly influences its lifespan. The majority of such tubes come with an approximate period of operation, generally between the range of 2000-10000 hours.
2. Power Adjustments: Running the tube at a maximum power output constantly will reduce its life span. Operating at a mid-range power output tends to last longer in variety.
3. Efficiency of Cooling Systems: Adequate cooling, such as a chiller for high-end devices, is very necessary in order to maintain overheating. Too much heating can damage the internal hardware parts of the tube and make its duration longer.
4. Repairs: Suction out of mirrors and lenses, alignment, and checking the condition of optical elements and equipment can always be done in order to enhance the performance and durability of such.
5. Conditions: The laser tube is said to be affected by humidity, dust temperature, and other factors. Using the machine in a clean environment with controlled conditions would help in prolonging it.

When these variables are appropriately controlled, a considerable improvement in the life and functionality of the laser tube can be witnessed.

Average Lifespan of a CO2 Laser Tube

The aforementioned factors contribute to the average lifetime of CO2 laser tubes, which is typically greater than 1,000 hours or up to 3,500 hours. However, the average operational time of glass CO2 laser tubes can be substantially reduced by poor maintenance practices. A higher voltage does not always increase lifespan, although it should also be noted that 10,000 to 20,000 hours of longevity is often rated for ceramic and metal tubes.

Longer lifespans come at the cost of higher average power ratings, resulting in 36 to 40-watt tubes becoming more optimal for average day-to-day users. These ratings can be slightly lowered with the integration of good quality Valves amongst the hardware configurations. Assembly and tube design has a more robust benefit than low current control override placed within features of the hardware.

Operating conditions can significantly be improved without the need for introducing ceramic replacements alongside operational upgrades of power supplies. These principles tend to trickle down to the average user who wishes to operate CO2 Laser tube for the task of cutting wood, they will be required to achieve precise alignment. The tasks of two-dimensional engraving or etching are relatively easier as they don’t require optimum conditions.

How to Recognize Signs of Wear in a CO2 Laser Cutter

It is important to maintain your CO2 laser cutter in order to minimize the risk of costly downtimes, and one of the ways to do this is to identify the early signs of wear within the machine. Mentioned below is an exhaustive list of the potential signs of degradation or excessive wear of a CO2 laser cutter that you should keep an eye for:

Shrinking Cutting Power

• One of the first signs of wear and tear on the laser cutter on your CO2 laser cutter is a reduced cutting efficiency or, over time, an inability to cut through any material. This could either be a result of an optical misalignment, a decreased laser output, or even any form of contamination.

Beam Instabilities

• Another sign to look out for is the intensity in fluctuations of the beam laser – Beaming imbalances are an indication of wastage in either the mirrors or the laser tube, and these instabilities could lead to uneven engravings or even the cutting depth.

Burnt Edges

• An overburning of the cuts on the material is also a sign that the beam cutting is out of optimal focus or the power regulation is out. Additionally, lens inefficiencies and degraded optical components can also lead to the occurrence of excessive burning.

Awkward Mechanical Sounds

• If there are any unusual sounds or voices, such as buzzing or grinding noises, that could be an indicator of mechanical wear of the stepper motors, rails, and belts of the motion system, resulting in decreased and indirect performance of the laser.

Shorter Expiry Dates of Tubes

• A CO2 laser tube has an operational life of around 8000-10000 hours according to standard specifications and depending on usage and upkeep. Maintenance, usage, and nearing expiry would determine the durability of the CO2 Tube. Moreover, one must note that if the CO2 tube nears its expiry, it will produce a very low level of output.

Accumulation of Dust and Carbonization

• The accumulation of carbon residues or dust could heavily impact the optical components’ efficiency as it would reduce the beam focus precision. Thus, regular maintenance of the optical components of a CO2 laser machine is recommended.

Malfunctioning of Cooling System or Overheating

• A dehydration in a CO2 laser cutter denotes poor cooling systems, thus signs such as machine shut down regularly or a rise in temperatures can signal poor circulation within the system.

Misalignment and Calibration Problems

• It may be possible that degradation in optical or spatial systems may lead to misalignment and resultant frequent focus or lens adjustment requirements.

Surge in Energy Consumption

• An unusual spike in machine energy consumption during usual operations can be a result of excessive internal component wear or software inefficiency, forcing the machine’s output leveling to require additional work.

To prevent disruption in usage and to increase the machine’s life, operators can plan maintenance, or even a tube replacement, by constantly observing and then acting upon these indicators.

How Does Usage Impact a Laser Cutter’s Lifespan?

Effect of High Laser Power Usage

The Lifespan of a laser cutter is significantly impacted by the use of high laser power as it hastens the wear and tear of crucial components such as the laser tube and optics. In case the cutter is run at maximum power for a long duration, it may overheat, causing thermal stress, which results in inefficiency in the longer run. Over time, the constant stress reduces the service time of the laser tube which will result in an increased need for repairs or replacement. To counter these challenges, the user will need to adjust the parameters for cutting, use a lower power when possible, and locally restrain to the usage limits set by the manufacturer.

Maintenance Practices for Prolonging Machine Life

In order to facilitate longevity and efficiency in the use of laser cutting machines, it is important to note that constant or cyclical upkeep must be undertaken in a consistent manner as well. The optics, including lenses and mirrors, should be routinely cleaned to sustain a high beam quality, and a burn-in of the material should also be avoided. For instance, optical degradation can be avoided through the utilization of lens cleaning kits that have been recommended by the manufacturer.

Furthermore, overseeing and repairing the cooling system should also be performed. Cooling systems are crucial in laser systems as they play an essential role in maintaining overheating at bay, thus relieving thermal stress on the components. The level of the coolant should be sustained, and regular circulation, as well as timely replacement of the coolant fluids and buildup, should be done to prevent any contamination. Research suggests that if cooling is insufficient, the effectiveness of the machine can be reduced by 20 percent, with the abrasion on pivotal components being higher.

The moving elements, which incorporate the guide rails, bearings, and lead screws, offer the machines the capability of running smoothly, and these components need to be lubricated as part of the upkeep routines. The manufacturer’s recommended grade lubricants must be used as they reduce excessive friction and alleviate the strain placed on mechanical elements.

In an effort to fight claim management and increase the accuracy of cutting and quality of output, operators should conduct a period laser beam alignment check. Persistent misalignment of laser beams can wear components unevenly and increase cutting and output quality issues. Correct alignment should be engendered to mitigate unnecessary strain on the system and drive population too.

Let’s conduct an evaluation that should be done on a regular basis for a cleaner and debris-free workspace, which contributes to reduced risk of blockages and contamination inside the machine. 30% up to the extended service life is said to be increased by following routine cleaning procedures and a dust extraction system.

The reliability and service life of laser cutting equipment can be greatly increased by following instructions from the manufacturers while implementing the technical maintenance practices described above, which should reduce the malfunctioning time considerably and give the equipment a significant performance boost.

Tips for Efficient Laser Cutting

Select the Right Type of Material and Thickness

• Always use materials in accordance with the specifications of your laser cutter. Keeping the material at the correct thickness avoids over cutting and damaging the material as well as the machine. For example, cutting non-metals is more effective when using CO2 lasers, whereas metals are better suited for fiber lasers.

Modify Laser Settings when Necessary

• Modify the settings, such as power, speed, and frequency, with regard to the particular material being worked on. Certain cues, such as the size and density of the material, aid in adjusting the power. Intricate designs usually require a different approach, as they tend to warp when excessive heat is applied, leading to the need for finer adjustments.

Utilize Quality Focus Lenses

• Clean and quality focus lenses will increase the efficiency of the laser being used thereby guaranteeing performance correctness. The lens will need to be checked regularly for dirt, scratches, or discoloration so that it can be replaced if either is observed.

Maximalize the Cutting Path

• Constructing a path that serves the needed purpose while reducing time and resources while cutting is effective. The efficiency and status of the machine can be easily improved by consolidating blueprint cuts in rapid movements.

Activate Gas-mediated Cutting

• Removing melted materials that remain from the cuts through assist gas, such as oxygen or nitrogen, serves to bolster the cutting-edge quality. Specifically, certain levels of gas type and pressure are needed for certain materials to be cut properly.

Regular Maintenance and Calibration

• Over time, repairs must be conducted, including the alignment of the mirrors and the cleaning of the equipment optics, as well as the lubrication of the moving parts. All such laser devices require regular calibration to ensure correct performance, delivering a consistent output every time during operation.

Test Before Production

• A test cut should be carried out on scrap material before any kind of large-scale production is undertaken. This method permits alteration of the laser settings and also assures that the desired effect can be achieved without consuming too many valuable materials.

Monitor Cooling Systems

• Coolant is required for every laser cutter; however, its levels should be monitored frequently, and possible leaks should be checked. This guarantees that the cooling system works correctly, reclaiming the laser source from overheating and flooding the device with consistent performance.

These detailed tips can allow the operators to achieve greater precision, and laser cutting equipment can last longer, thus reducing wastage and improving operational efficiency and cost-effectiveness.

How Can You Prolong the Life of Your CO2 Laser Engraving Machine?

Regular Maintenance and Service Life

Regular maintenance is the key to enhancing the longevity of CO2 laser engraving machines. Primarily, laser optics, which include the lenses and mirrors, should be cleaned to prevent energy loss. Worn-out parts like belts, filters, and seals should be replaced on time, and the laser cut-off should be periodically inspected to ensure smooth operation. Dust and particles should be kept at bay, or else the precision and functionality of the laser will be affected. The coolant of CO2 should also be monitored and replaced when necessary to avoid overheating. Also, enhances any laser engraver’s spool making sure it performs at its optimum. Scheduling these periodical services also enhances the lifespan.

The Role of Chiller Systems in Extending Lifespan

With the aid of cutting back to overwriting machinery, chiller systems assist in improving the efficiency and longevity of high-performance machinery. The sensitive components of machinery can be damaged when the temperature is elevated, and thus, energy-optimized chiller systems blossom heat regulation. Research indicates that overheating can reduce the lifespan of industrial equipment by up to 50%. Hence, repair and maintenance services for the equipment need to offer chronology based on the temperature of the machinery.

Some smart energy-efficient systems comprising intelligent control units and variable speed compressors serve the needs of different functionalities without using too much energy. For example, water-cooled chillers show promise over air-cooled ones owing to the high coefficient of performance (COP) of between 5 and 8, which reflects greater energy efficiency than the other type. Periodic checks on coolant levels, quality, and system cleanliness also contribute greatly to the smooth, reliable operation of chillers. If these are not followed, scale formation, rust, and loss of cooling capacity result, which in turn diminish the cooling ability and lifetime of the interconnected equipment.

The use of expensive and modern chiller systems that are well-fitted for the task at hand increases efficiency by saving energy, minimizing downtime, and maximizing productivity and efficiency. The operators enhance functions and equipment to make the systems more sustainable.

Choosing Quality Consumables

Over the years, I’ve spent considerable time & money in sourcing high-quality materials that are both upto industry standards & fit into the specifications of my system. I ensure the materials, in terms of construction, are highly durable, efficient, and reliable, as this reduces operational chances of failures. Choosing trusted brands and high-quality consumables enables me to reduce long-term system maintenance costs whilst protecting the system in the short term.

What Are the Costs Associated With Replacing a Laser Tube?

Understanding the End of the Tube Life

The service life of a laser tube usually varies with operational requirements, the level of care it is accorded, and the manufacturer’s specifications. In most cases, a CO2 laser tube may operate between 1000 to 10000 hours, and factors such as ambient temperature, power levels of the supplied current, and ensuring cooling water circulation may affect the longevity of CO2 laser tubes. Laser tube failures are indicated by decreased cutting power, inconsistent beam quality, or the starting difficulty of cutting materials the laser could easily remove before. Scheduled maintenance and regular checking can prevent these failures and inefficiencies by enabling timely replacements If it is operational efficiency that you are concerned with.

Cost Comparison: Glass Tube vs. RF Tubes

Several important aspects should be taken into consideration when juxtaposing glass laser tubes and RF (radio frequency) metal tubes, including the cost of acquisition, the span of machinery, performance, and cost of maintenance.

Cost of Acquisition

• Glass laser tubes are comparatively cheap to acquire, with their price typically being between $100 and $500. However, this price would depend on the power rating and quality of the tube. RF, in comparison, needs a great deal more investment, within the range of $2000-$10,000 or even more. The stark difference in investment required shifts in the liking towards glass tubes for buyers looking to cut down their initial investment.

Mean Time Between Failure

• Suppose glass tubes are adequately cooled and used. In that case, their lifespan ranges from 1000-3000 hours, meaning, in comparison, they possess lower lifespans as RF tubes last up to 10000-20000 hours, and their durability usually spans between those figures. RF tubes normally are used in heavy duty machinery where demand is high, their price range is also offset by their life span.

Performance Considerations

• It is evident that glass tubes are built to sustain a certain level of performance in most engraving and cutting activities but may lack cut efficiency as well as precision with ornamentation. RF tubes, on the other hand, provide better beam quality, which leads to greater precision, finer control, and higher frequency pulses. This makes RF tubes applicable for operations that require more detailed engraving and intricate cutting of high-precision materials.

Maintenance and Replacement Costs 

• Without accurate monitoring and cooling, as well as ensuring proper tube alignment, glass tubes become very hard to operate and hence provide frequent need for replacement, which means they incur a higher cost of periodic expenditure over time. In contrast to glass tubes, RF tubes are less likely to fail because they are sealed and more resilient to external factors, such as changing coolant types rather than air. But in comparison RF tubes tend to be higher in price but do have a longer replacement frequency and are more efficient.

Cost-Effectiveness Over Time

• In an industrial premise where a high volume of load occurs on a constant basis along with stringer cutting and greater accuracy drills, then RF tubes are a better investment over glass tubes as they have low maintenance requirements, possess higher durability, and provide greater precision, in consequence winning out in the long run. Thus those who maintain minimal work or only conduct rare tasks with a rare glass tube should view glass tubes as a rugged solution as their efficiency is acceptable.

While making the appropriate decision between the two options, purchasers ought to think about the nature and the number of times they will have to utilize the product the source of financing available, and what kind of final outcome they intend to achieve.

Calculating the Prolong Benefits

Evaluating the Cost of RF Tube vs Glass Tube Evaluation 

• When weighing the long term benefits associated with glass laser tubes in comparison to RF, there are a few critical aspects one needs to take into consideration in order to be able to comprehend the prolonged Operational effectiveness of both numerous factors. These factors have been explained in detail as follows:

Operational Lifespan 

• In contrast to glass tubes, which have an operational lifespan of an average 1000 to 3000 hours, RF tubes last between 10,000 to 20,000 hours. As a result, fewer replacements need to be made, like in the case of using a glass laser tube, which results in reduced operational cost, procurement, and interruption of work.

Maintenance Requirements 

• As they are less vulnerable to outside pollutants like dust or coolant spills, Rf tubes tend to be sealed and do not require much maintenance. Glass tubes with frequent cooling leaks would require more frequent checks alongside routine servicing in order to ensure the tubes remain in good working order.

Precision and Consistency 

• With the modernized form of technology used in RF glass tubes, they have the advantage of being more Elton mart as well as providing more consistent quality over a longer time frame. That said, however, due to the inherent nature of glass tubes being more fragile and prone to power fluctuations, they tend to provide more unstable results.

Energy Efficiency

• Energy efficiency is a broadly sarcastic statement; however, looking in more detail, it becomes apparent that RF tubes have higher one-off energy requirements. On the other hand, one-off energy costs of glass tubes are lower, yet due to excessive heat generation during extended use, they prove to be inefficient. Due to their superior engineering, RF tubes consume less energy in the long run.

Downtime Reduction

• RF tubes are dull but efficient, yet their sheer efficiency means that CED has minimal downtime in terms of repairs due to the need for RF tube replacements, which would otherwise set off the timer on any significant repair. Similar to the impact of missing out on multiple orders, this conversation can be reiterated with industrial firms without any trouble, as delay leads to increased costs.

Cost Savings Over Time

• Sure RF tubes set you back by a hefty sum at the start, however, their efficiency, decrease in service requirements, and longevity in their cycles lead to humongous savings when gauged in the long term.

A fine balance is drawn between operational requirements by weighing up a range of aspects and their impact so as to lower costs in the short run at the expense of over-efficiency in the long run.

Where to Find Parts and Related Articles for CO2 Laser Machines?

Identifying Reputable Supplier Options

Vetting every supplier is key to selecting the best CO2 laser machine parts. Always prioritize laser machine manufacturers and certified distributors or any other suppliers with rave reviews. Supplier documentation of product specifications should come with warranty and technical assistance. Professional networks, forums, or other authoritative sources may assist you in verifying the credibility of a manufacturer. Reliable platforms such as online industrial marketplaces can present many verified sellers with plenty of consumer reviews, cutting the legwork out of the search. Choose manufacturers who can provide the real product quality your machine would require and those who could stand by the product.

Accessing Online Resources and Contact Us Pages

Finding replacement parts for CO2 laser devices and the necessary support is always supplementary, and online sources assist in that regard. Most manufacturers have reputable websites with extensive catalogs, specification sheets, and even manuals for the products. Such websites frequently include advanced search features, allowing users to search for parts based on their location, price, or other criteria.

Besides that, most vendors have dedicated “Contact Us” pages that include several outreach options like email, live chat, and different customer call numbers. For instance, live chats can assist users with questions about the specifications of certain parts and their availability. Other websites tend to include tools such as compatibility checkers into the device to help users verify if a selected part is suitable for the required machine model.

Profession-specific directories and e-commerce websites mostly provide supplier profiles, sourcing user reviews, and product ratings, among other features. Such features can be helpful, especially for the suppliers, as important and frequently bought items are formed. This resource also assists in making rational decisions about purchases and resolving any technical queries or compatibility issues through effective communication with suppliers.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Q: How long will CO2 laser cutting machines last?

A: With the appropriate upkeep, CO2 laser cutting devices are expected to remain in use for between 5 to 10 years. The expected life span will differ according to the machine’s use, maintenance, and quality. Should be fully sustained and operated properly, some elite versions may last longer — perhaps 15 years or more.

Q: Ultimately, what affects the lifespan of a CO2 laser machine?

A: There are several elements that may influence the service life of a CO2 laser, including the rate of technology usage, services or maintenance, parts employed, and operating circumstances. Longer life can result from consistent washing, proper alignment of the optical path, sufficient cooling water supply, and using the laser below the designated output level.

Q: What steps can I implement to ensure my CO2 laser machine lasts for more years?

A: There are some measures you can take to prolong the lifespan of your CO2 laser machine, including: 1. Performing regular maintenance, including cleaning and alignment of mirrors and lenses. 2. Providing adequate cooling and ventilation to the machine. 3. Using the correct ratio of gases, including nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and helium, based on the materials used. 4. Working within the power and heat specifications of the machine. 5. Keeping the working environment clean and free of debris. 6. Purchasing from a good manufacturer and following recommended maintenance procedures.

Q: What measures can be taken to ensure my CO2 laser machine exceeds its limitations?

A: You may consider taking into account these concerns to ensure that your CO2 laser machines’ lifespan is extended more than its limitations according to its manufacturer’s specifications: Decreased power output, laser cutting or engraving quality, breakdown or component failures, difficulty in the alignment of the optical path and too much maintenance. The above concerns are the issues that need to be addressed if the need arises.

Q: Is it possible to max out a CO2 laser tube?

A: Unfortunately, even though CO2 laser controllers are one of the most powerful laser systems, they do have a limited lifespan. In order to maximize the life of the CO2 laser tube, it should be cleaned regularly, and all the servicing recommended by the manufacturer wizard should be followed through. Always remember that prolonged periods of inactivity will affect the lifespan of the CO2 laser tube.

 Q: What type of CO2 laser machine has the longest shelf life: pull-wound or flat-wound?

A: After reaching the confirmed threshold, either type of CO2 laser machine will die but reinforced coils, being thicker, give machines higher cooldown time, improving their overall lifespan. In most cases, encouraging styles to overwork with other components maximizes output.

Q: Why is proper insulation important in increasing the operational efficiency of a CO2 laser machine?

A: Insulation is vital in increasing the efficiency of a CO2 laser machine because it performs numerous functions that are important to the efficiency of the machine. It preserves optimal working temperatures, prevents condensation from accumulating around the optical components, and shields the most delicate parts of the electronics from electromagnetic effects. Efficient insulation also ensures that the high voltage that is utilized in the soaring of the CO2 molecules in order to generate the laser beam is contained, making the equipment much safer and reducing the wear and tear on the electrical equipment.

Q: What is the replacement interval for the mirrors and lenses in the CO2 laser machine?

A: The replacement of lenses and mirrors in a CO2 laser machine is determined by the amount of usage as well as the care taken in the maintenance of the equipment. As a rule, these optical components ought to be replaced on a periodic basis, and a proper maintenance schedule must be used. Lenses are often replaced the most, with the most often signal lenses only needing replacing once every several years. The focus lenses need replacing on a more consistent basis, normally every 6-12 months when overused. Always examine surfaces that are used for mirrors for scratches as well as matrix exposure and damage, degrading the effectiveness of the laser signal because if not replaced, it would pave the way for such issues.

Reference Sources

1. Title: Soft Computation-Physical Informed Machine Learning Based Multi-pass Micro Milling Process on PMMA Sheet by CO2 Laser: Experimental Investigation and Modeling 

• Authors: Aakif Anjum et al.
• Publication Date: 2023-02-01
• Journal: Optics and Laser Technology
• Summary: The study in hand has explored the potential of CO2 lasers to micro mill PMMA sheets. The presents self-organization in modeling the milling process by implementing soft computing and machine learning methods. The results suggest the chance for better milling performance by optimizing the tool by changing its operating parameters, focusing on the quality of the milling process (which was determined by the CO2 laser). It is concluded from the results that proper knowledge of the working range and capabilities of equipment is vital in increasing the lifetime efficiency of the equipment (Anjum et al., 2023).

2. Title: Experimental Studies on Hastealloy C276 while Machining with CO2 Laser Cutting Machine 

• Authors: Palleboina Madhava, Dharma Reddy
• Publication Date: 2023
• Journal: E3S Web of Conferences
• Summary: The paper primarily investigates the cutting characteristics of Hastelloy C276 with a laser using a CO2 cutting machine and other aspects. The study investigates the laser power, speed gas pressure, and surface roughness & burr height. The results shed light on the CO2 laser’s cutting efficiency. Optimization of certain parameters should further contribute to bettering the performance and life span of the machine (Madhava & Reddy, 2023).

3. Title: CO2 Laser Machining of Aluminum Alloy: A Prediction Analysis of the Surface Roughness Using Machine Learning Techniques

• Authors: V. Sharma et al.
• Publication Date: 2024-02-12
• Journal: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering
• Summary: The researchers worked on a surface roughness model that uses a machine learning algorithm to predict CO2 laser machining of aluminum alloys. This research demonstrates the effect of several cutting parameters on the machining process, which in turn aids in the maintenance and service life of CO2 laser machines (Sharma et al., 2024).

4. Title: CO2 Laser Engraving Parameters Influence on Polisher Methacrylate Surface Texture

• Authors: Nur Sabrina Isnin et al.
• Publication Date: 2023-11-23
• Journal: Jurnal Mekanikal
• Summary: This paper considers the impact of using CO2 laser engraving parameters on the surface quality of PMMA. The results show that adjusting parameters like laser power, scanning speed, etc, allows for maximizing the quality of the engraving, which is important for increasing the lifetime of the laser equipment (Isnin et al., 2023).

5. Title: Effect of CO2 Laser on SBS During Repair of Composite Resin Bonded to Dental Porcelain

• Authors: N. B. Hassan et al.
• Publication Date: 2023-07-10
• Journal: International Journal of Dentistry
• Summary: The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of CO2 laser on porcelain teeth to improve the bonding properties of composite resin. The results show that the use of CO2 laser on dental porcelain should be optimized as it influences the surface configuration, which is a primary factor in the operational lifetime of the laser equipment (Hassan et al., 2023).

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